分类 linux 下的文章

执行以下命令替换默认源

sed -e 's|^mirrorlist=|#mirrorlist=|g' \
    -e 's|^#baseurl=http://dl.rockylinux.org/$contentdir|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/rockylinux|g' \
    -i.bak \
    /etc/yum.repos.d/Rocky-*.repo

dnf makecache

1. 备份

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

2. 下载新的 CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/

centos8(centos8官方源已下线,建议切换centos-vault源)

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

centos6(centos6官方源已下线,建议切换centos-vault源)

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo
或者
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo

3. 运行 yum makecache 生成缓存

修改 /etc/apt/sources.list ,替换默认的 http://archive.ubuntu.com/https://mirrors.aliyun.com/

ubuntu 14.04 LTS (trusty) (EOL) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 16.04 LTS (xenial) (EOL) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

ubuntu 18.04 LTS (bionic) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 20.04 LTS (focal) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 22.04 LTS (jammy) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 23.04 (lunar) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 24.04 (noble) 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse

1)禁用systemd-resolved服务

systemctl stop systemd-resolved
systemctl disable systemd-resolved

2)默认的/etc/resolv.conf是软链接,删除重建为普通文件。

rm -rf /etc/resolv.conf

3)vim /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 10.1.1.1
nameserver 10.1.2.1

4)将/etc/resolv.conf文件加锁

chattr +i /etc/resolv.conf

ETCD数据目录

ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/data"

备份ETCD数据

1)使用cp命令进行备份

cp -R /var/lib/etcd/ /opt/backup/etcd/

2)创建ETCD快照备份

etcdctl snapshot save /opt/snapshot.db

恢复etcd快照文件

1)停止etcd服务

systemctl stop etcd

2)恢复数据

实例1恢复

etcdctl snapshot restore /opt/snapshot.db \
--name etcd1 \
--initial-cluster etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380,etcd3=http://etcd3:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token mro \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls http://etcd1:2380 \
--data-dir /var/lib/etcd/data

实例2恢复

etcdctl snapshot restore /opt/snapshot.db \
--name etcd2 \
--initial-cluster etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380,etcd3=http://etcd3:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token mro \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls http://etcd2:2380 \
--data-dir /var/lib/etcd/data

实例3恢复

etcdctl snapshot restore /opt/snapshot.db \
--name etcd3 \
--initial-cluster etcd1=http://etcd1:2380,etcd2=http://etcd2:2380,etcd3=http://etcd3:2380 \
--initial-cluster-token mro \
--initial-advertise-peer-urls http://etcd3:2380 \
--data-dir /var/lib/etcd/data

3)启动服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd

4)查看集群

etcdctl --endpoints="http://etcd1:2379,http://etcd2:2379,http://etcd3:2379" endpoint status --write-out=table